Editorial

Dilemma on children's COVID vaccines

Sentinel Digital Desk

India not prioritising vaccination for children, for now, is not going to lessen worries of parents of fresh disruption in offline classes if the Omicron variant triggers a spike. The National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) advises the Central Government that there is no need to vaccinate children as data have not revealed death among children due to COVID-19 will reduce apprehension among parents about the severity of infection. Unvaccinated children will remain vulnerable to contracting an infection, and this may lead to suspension of offline classes and temporary closure of schools. Loss of learning due to such unpredictable recurrent disruptions due to the spread of COVID-19 among children will keep parents preoccupied. Anxiety over disruption in offline classes due to COVID-19 infection among students grips the low-income and marginalised households more as they cannot afford smartphones for children to attend online classes. The Central government warning the States that the Omicron variant is three times more transmissible than the Delta variant has added to such anxiety. The States need to activate the COVID war rooms and impose night curfew if required, as advised by the Central Government, to prevent a spike and to deal with any emergency. The Central Government informed the Rajya Sabha that the National Expert Group of Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (NEGVAC) and the NTAGI are deliberating and considering scientific evidence related to the vaccination of children. The Drugs Controller General of India had granted Emergency Use Authorisation in August for Zydus Cadilla'sZyCOV-D vaccine in children aged 12 years and above while the Subject Expert Committee of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation recommended Bharat Biotech's COVAXIN in adolescents and children aged 2 to 18 years. These recommendations pushed the issue of vaccination or children to the centre stage of policy discourse on pandemic management as schools reopened in all states and offline classes resumed with disruption due to infections. The Expert group keeping the vaccination of children on hold conforms with the approach of the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the issue. "Although benefit-risk assessments underpin the benefit of vaccinating all age groups, including children and adolescents, the direct health benefit of vaccinating children and adolescents is lower compared with vaccinating older adults due to the lower incidence of severe COVID-19 and deaths in younger persons," reads a WHO statement on vaccination of adolescents and children. The WHO also urged the countries that before considering implementing primary vaccination series in adolescents and children, attaining high coverage of primary series - and booster doses in highest risk subgroups, such as older adults, must be considered. It, however, acknowledged that the benefits of vaccinating children and adolescents go beyond the direct health benefits and minimise disruptions to education for children and it also reduces COVID transmission from them to the older adult. The WHO concluded in November that unless children are in a group at higher risk of severe COVID-19, "it is less urgent to vaccinate them than older people, those with chronic health conditions and health workers." Vaccine coverage of the entire adult population in India with the primary series of two doses is expected to keep influencing the final decision on vaccination of adolescents and children. A policy decision on vaccination must be based on scientific data and must be left for the scientific community to give the advice it finds rational and pragmatic. For the Central and State Governments, the challenge is to ensure that the disruptions of offline classes of schools due to COVID-19 infection among children is reduced to the minimum. The Central and State Education departments undertaking a frequent review of COVID-safety protocols in schools and other educational institutions can address the problem of complacency. It is also important to sensitise the parents about the need for strict adherence to COVID-appropriate behaviour by every member of a household to keep children protected from infection. School authorities ensuring the safety of children from infection while travelling by school buses remains one of the important preventive measures. Likewise, the district or local Authorities ensuring strict adherence to COVID-safety protocols in public transport is equally important to protect the students using public transport vehicles for attending offline classes. In the wake of the Centre's alert over the steady rise in Omicron cases, it has become an urgent necessity for the district authorities to deploy its officials to do a reality check on COVID-safety protocols in public places and public transport. While Vaccinating the adult population to protect them from the severity of infections it is important to keep in mind that the children are prone to contracting COVID-19 infection. It should be the collective responsibility of the government and all adult members of the society to keep children protected from COVID-19 infection as less severity in infection does not shield them from learning losses owing to disruption in offline classes.