Health approach in India: Role of veterinarians in protecting animal and human health

The one health concept recognizes that the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent. The approach emphasizes the need for collaboration between different disciplines, including veterinary medicine, human medicine, and environmental science, to address complex health issues that impact multiple species. In India, where the majority of the population relies on agriculture and livestock farming, the One Health approach is of utmost importance.

India has a large population and a diverse range of livestock, including cows, buffalo, goats, and sheep. The country also has a high burden of zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans and from humans to animals. The COVID-19 pandemic, a human public health crisis resulting from a virus of potential animal origin, underlined the validity of the One Health concept in understanding and confronting global health risks. Often used to coordinate multi-sectoral prevention, preparedness, and response efforts for zoonotic diseases (those that may transmit from animals to humans or humans to animals), this approach is critical for the control of priority zoonotic diseases such as rabies, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and tuberculosis, among others. Changes in climate and land use, such as deforestation and intensive farming practises, and disruptions in environmental conditions and habitats can provide new opportunities for diseases to pass to animals. The close proximity between humans and animals in rural areas, combined with poor sanitation and hygiene, increases the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. Therefore, it is essential to adopt a One Health approach to address the complex health challenges facing India.

Veterinarians play a crucial role in implementing the One Health approach in India. They are responsible for promoting animal health, preventing the spread of diseases, and ensuring that animals are safe to consume. Veterinarians also play a critical role in educating farmers and livestock owners about best practises for animal health and welfare.

Furthermore, veterinarians are an essential component of disease surveillance and control programmes. They are responsible for diagnosing and treating animal diseases, identifying disease outbreaks, and working with public health officials to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases. In addition to their clinical and diagnostic roles, veterinarians also have an important role to play in research and policy development. They can contribute to the development of evidence-based policies that promote animal health, prevent disease transmission, and protect public health. Research conducted by veterinarians can also help to identify emerging health threats and develop effective prevention and control strategies.

Despite the critical role of veterinarians in One Health, there are several challenges that need to be addressed to ensure the effective implementation of this approach in India. These include a lack of resources, inadequate training and education, and poor coordination between different sectors. There is a need for greater investment in veterinary infrastructure and education. Veterinarians must be equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement One Health approaches and work effectively with other professionals in the field by increasing collaboration between different sectors, developing innovative diagnostic tools and technologies, and promoting public awareness about the importance of animal health and welfare. By adopting a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach, we can ensure that the health of humans, animals, and the environment is protected for generations to come.