Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann And Giorgio Parisi Wins 2021 Nobel Prize In Physics

Three scientists are from Japan, Germany and Italy. Their names were announced by the secretary-general of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Goran Hansson on Tuesday.

Scientists Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann received the award for their work 'The physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming" and Giorgio Parisi for "the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales."

Earlier, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 has been jointly awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. The Nobel laureates' discoveries have unlocked one of the secrets of nature by explaining the molecular basis for sensing heat, cold and mechanical force, which is fundamental for our ability to feel, interpret and interact with our internal and external environment.

Julius utilised capsaicin — a pungent compound from chilli peppers that induces a burning sensation, to identify a sensor in the nerve endings of the skin that responds to heat, while Patapoutian used pressure-sensitive cells to discover a novel class of sensors that respond to mechanical stimuli in the skin and internal organs, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet said in a statement.

"These breakthrough discoveries launched intense research activities leading to a rapid increase in our understanding of how our nervous system senses heat, cold, and mechanical stimuli. The laureates identified critical missing links in our understanding of the complex interplay between our senses and the environment," the statement added.